病気の予防に様々な食事法が存在しているが、その中でも地中海式ダイエット（Mediterranean diet）とダッシュ（DASH）ダイエット（Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension）は、それぞれ心臓病予防と高血圧予防のために欧米で広く用いられている。この２つの食事法を組み合わせたマインド（MIND）ダイエット（Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay）は、米国ラッシュ大学メディカルセンターの研究者により考案された認知症予防に特化した食事法である。アルツハイマー病は、遺伝子、環境、生活習慣などさまざまな因子が関与しているが、高齢になって発症するアルツハイマー病では遺伝子の影響は小さく、食生活が大きく影響しているとされる。
MINDダイエットは、食材を１５のカテゴリーに分け、植物性食材の摂取を推奨し、動物および高飽和脂肪食品の摂取を制限する食事法である。
１０の推奨食品
緑の葉物野菜（週６サービング以上）
その他の野菜（１日１サービング以上）
ベリー（週２サービング以上）
ナッツ（週５サービング以上）
オリーブオイル（調理用やサラダ用として利用）
全粒穀物（１日３サービング以上）
魚（週１食以上）
豆（週４食以上）
鶏肉（週２食以上）
ワイン（１日125mL））
５つの避ける食品
赤身肉（週４食未満）
バターやマーガリン（１日１テーブルスプーン未満）
チーズ（週１サービング未満）
パン菓子やお菓子（週５サービング未満）
揚げ物やファストフード（週１回未満）
MINDダイエットは、抗炎症作用や抗酸化作用のある食材に加え、β-アミロイド沈着の予防、神経毒性死の予防、及び神経保護作用など、認知促進作用のある栄養素（葉酸、ビタミンE、ルテイン、ゼアキサンチン、フラボノイドなど）に重点をおくものである。
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最近2023-8月、論文が出ていて、MINDダイエットは効果がないとの結論のようです。
Trial of the MIND Diet for Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Older Persons.JournalThe New England journal of medicine. 2023 Jul 18; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2302368.AuthorLisa L Barnes, Klodian Dhana, Xiaoran Liu, Vincent J Carey, Jennifer Ventrelle, Kathleen Johnson, Chiquia S Hollings, Louise Bishop, Nancy Laranjo, Benjamin J Stubbs, Xavier Reilly, Puja Agarwal, Shengwei Zhang, Francine Grodstein, Christy C Tangney, Thomas M Holland, Neelum T Aggarwal, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Martha Clare Morris, Frank M SacksAbstract
BACKGROUND : Findings from observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may offer protective benefits against cognitive decline, but data from clinical trials are limited. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, known as the MIND diet, is a hybrid of the Mediterranean diet and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, with modifications to include foods that have been putatively associated with a decreased risk of dementia.
METHODS : We performed a two-site, randomized, controlled trial involving older adults without cognitive impairment but with a family history of dementia, a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) greater than 25, and a suboptimal diet, as determined by means of a 14-item questionnaire, to test the cognitive effects of the MIND diet with mild caloric restriction as compared with a control diet with mild caloric restriction. We assigned the participants in a 1:1 ratio to follow the intervention or the control diet for 3 years. All the participants received counseling regarding adherence to their assigned diet plus support to promote weight loss. The primary end point was the change from baseline in a global cognition score and four cognitive domain scores, all of which were derived from a 12-test battery. The raw scores from each test were converted to z scores, which were averaged across all tests to create the global cognition score and across component tests to create the four domain scores; higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. The secondary outcome was the change from baseline in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived measures of brain characteristics in a nonrandom sample of participants.
RESULTS : A total of 1929 persons underwent screening, and 604 were enrolled; 301 were assigned to the MIND-diet group and 303 to the control-diet group. The trial was completed by 93.4% of the participants. From baseline to year 3, improvements in global cognition scores were observed in both groups, with increases of 0.205 standardized units in the MIND-diet group and 0.170 standardized units in the control-diet group (mean difference, 0.035 standardized units; 95% confidence interval, -0.022 to 0.092; P = 0.23). Changes in white-matter hyperintensities, hippocampal volumes, and total gray- and white-matter volumes on MRI were similar in the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS : Among cognitively unimpaired participants with a family history of dementia, changes in cognition and brain MRI outcomes from baseline to year 3 did not differ significantly between those who followed the MIND diet and those who followed the control diet with mild caloric restriction. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02817074.).
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